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Sock monkey
A sock monkey is a toy made from socks fashioned in the likeness of a monkey. These stuffed animals are a mixture of folk art and kitsch in the culture of the United States and the culture of Canada.
== Origins ==
The sock monkey's most direct predecessors originated in the Victorian era, when the craze for imitation stuffed animals swept from Europe into North America and met the burgeoning Arts and Crafts Movement. Craft makers began sewing stuffed animals as toys to comfort children, and, as tales of the Scramble for Africa increased the public's familiarity with exotic species, monkey toys soon became a fixture of American nurseries. Tales like Rudyard Kipling's the Jungle Book and Just So Stories would inspire crafters to create toys that depict exotic animals. However, these early stuffed monkeys were not necessarily made from socks, and also lacked the characteristic red lips of the sock monkeys popular today.
John Nelson, a Swedish immigrant to the United States, patented the sock-knitting machine in 1868, and began knitting socks on an automatic machine Rockford, Illinois as early as 1870. On September 15, 1880, the Nelson Knitting Company formed, producing the "Celebrated Rockford Seamless Hosiery," selling them under the name of the "Nelson Sock." John Nelson's son Franklin created a machine that knitted a sock without seams in the heel. The original machine requires workers to sew every seam at the heel. The seamless sock saved time and labor costs and it became so popular, companies began to imitate his idea.〔The iconic sock monkeys made from red-heeled socks, known today as the Rockford Red Heel, emerged at the earliest in 1932, the year the Nelson Knitting Company added the trademarked red heel to its product. In 1932, advertising executive Howard Monk came up with an idea to change the heels of the brown sock from white to red. The red heeled sock was marketed as "de-tec-tip."〔 These seamless work socks were so popular that the market was soon flooded with imitators, and socks of this type were known under the generic term "Rockfords". Nelson Knitting added the red heel "De-Tec-Tip" to assure its customers that they were buying "original Rockfords". This red heel gave the monkeys their distinctive mouth. During the Great Depression, American crafters first made sock monkeys out of worn-out Rockford Red Heel Socks.
In 1953, a woman named Helen Cooke received the patent for sock monkeys. She sues a man named Stanley Levy because he sold sock monkeys that was not the same design as hers. Levy contacted the Nelson Knitting Company hoping that they would declare the patent invalid. The company knew that people had been making dolls for the last two years, so they gathered up all the dolls that had been made the past two years so that they could they could have evidence that proves that Helen Cooke should not have the patent. One of the most important pieces of evidence was a testimony and a doll made in February of 1951 by a lady named Grace Wingent. She was a resident of Rockford and she has made a doll for her grandson. Helen Cooke settled the case against Stanley Levy when she was shown all the evidence that had been collected against her. She decided to sell the patent to the Nelson Knitting Company for $750. The company also paid other women for the rights to the doll including a woman in Tennessee who was paid $1000. Rockford, Illinois became the "home of the sock monkey."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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